Causes of Dandruff

Find out more about the cause of dandruff, how it works and some of the factors that could put you at risk of a flake flare-up

The cause of dandruff is a naturally-occurring microbe on the scalp called Malassezia Globosa.

You’ll find it on everybody’s scalp, although it will only cause dandruff in around 50% of people.

Here’s how it works:

  • Malassezia globosa feeds on natural scalp oils called sebum – this oil is what keeps yourhair and scalp moisturized
  • As the sebum is broken down, it produces a by-product called oleic acid
  • 1 in 2 people are sensitive to oleic acid and the scalp responds by becoming irritated
  • In response to the irritation, the scalp starts to become inflamed, red and itchy
  • The body signals to the brain to shed skin cells faster than usual – essentially, an attempt to shed the irritant.This shedding of skin is what causes visible flakes to appear on the scalp, often falling off onto your shoulders

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OTHER FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT DANDRUFF

While the root cause of dandruff is always the same, there are certain factors that can exacerbate a problem or make it seem worse.

These include seasonal factors in summer and winter, external irritants like pollution and damage caused by our own actions such as too much heat-styling the hair.

Find out what could put you at risk of a dandruff flare-up:

  • Dandruff in summer - how hot weather can aggravate dandruff
  • How stress can aggravate dandruff
  • Can using the wrong shampoo cause dandruff?

Dandruff causes

Frequently Asked Questions

Dandruff may primarily result from an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast that naturally lives on the scalp. This yeast can break down oils on your scalp, potentially creating byproducts that might irritate skin and accelerate skin cell turnover, leading to visible flaking.

Several factors might influence dandruff development, including genetics, hormone levels, stress, and individual scalp sensitivity. Some people may have scalps that are more reactive to the Malassezia yeast or produce more oils that feed this microorganism.

Stress might not directly cause dandruff, but it could potentially weaken your immune system and affect hormone levels, which may make your scalp more susceptible to Malassezia overgrowth. Stress might also worsen existing dandruff symptoms.

Both extremes might contribute to dandruff issues. Over-washing could potentially irritate the scalp and strip natural oils, while under-washing might allow oil and dead skin cell buildup that could feed yeast growth. Finding the right balance may be key for your individual scalp needs.

Some styling products, particularly those containing oils or heavy ingredients, might potentially feed the Malassezia yeast. Additionally, products with harsh chemicals or fragrances could irritate sensitive scalps and worsen flaking. Consider evaluating your current hair care routine if dandruff persists. Visit Head & Shoulders to explore solutions for your scalp.

Some studies suggest that diets high in sugar and unhealthy fats might potentially contribute to inflammation and yeast growth. Zinc deficiency may also play a role in scalp health. However, topical treatment typically remains the most effective treatment approach.

Seasonal changes might influence dandruff symptoms. Cold, dry winter air could potentially worsen flaking by drying out the scalp, while humid conditions might increase oil production and yeast growth.

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